වැදගත් දැනුම තාක්ෂණික හා තොරතුරු බ්ලොග් එකක් " සිප්සවිය "

Introduction to Chemical bonds

What holds atoms together in chemical compounds?

               Certainly, there must be some force holding them together; the forces that hold atoms together are called chemical bonds. Without chemical bonds, the world would have only free atoms or ions. We could not have the amazing variety of substances. There would be no water and no food. And there would be no life!!. After all, all living things are made up of million of atoms and ions bound together forming molecules. Chemical bonds are the "glue" of every molecule. Although the basic principles of bond formation are always the same, chemical bonds show a variety of forms and strengths. More over, different elements have different bond forming abilities. For example, hydrogen atoms always form chemical bonds, but helium atoms never do.

Image  1: Formation of Hydrogen molecule

Valence electrons

                    As you know electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in different orbitals or various energy levels. These energy levels are numbered from the nucleus to the out side. There is a maximum number of electrons that each energy level can hold. e.g 1s² , 2s² ,  2p², 3s² , 3p⁶, 3d¹⁰………. The number of electrons shown respectively in different energy levels is called the electrons configuration of that particular element. Valance electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom which are important in determining how the atoms reacts chemically with other atoms.
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